Originariamente Davy Jones era mucho más que el capitán de un barco espectral: era el demonio que dominaba todos los espíritus malignos de las profundidades marinas. Según le describen en algunos relatos, tenía unos enormes ojos redondos, tres hileras de dientes, cuernos de diablo, y echaba humo azul por la nariz.
Pero entonces, ¿quién fue el verdadero capitán del Holandés Errante, Davy Jones o Willem van der Decken? En realidad son dos leyendas diferentes. El Davy Jones original no es el personaje con barba de tentáculos en el que pensamos hoy en día al escuchar su nombre.
La historia de Davy Jones en Piratas de Caribe
Según la versión de la saga de Disney, al principio Davy Jones era un marinero humano que se enamoró de Calypso, la diosa del mar. Calypso fue la que le puso al mando del barco El holandés errante, le encomendó la misión de guiar las almas de los marineros fallecidos al más allá y además le hizo inmortal. La condición era que no podía bajar a tierra más que una vez cada 10 años. Ella prometió esperarle al final de esos 10 años, pero no cumplió su promesa. Como el dolor que padecía Davy Jones debido a su amor por Calypso era tan fuerte, se arrancó el corazón y lo escondió en un cofre. Como Calypso le había otorgado la inmortalidad el corazón seguía latiendo dentro del cofre, y Davy Jones se convirtió en la mítica criatura marina de las películas, con tentáculos de pulpo y mano de pinza de cangrejo.
La antigua leyenda de Davy Jones
Por el contrario, el Davy Jones de las leyendas antiguas no está inspirado en ningún pirata o marinero real. Los navegantes le conocían como una especie de demonio marino, y “El casillero de Davy Jones” era un eufemismo para referirse al fondo del mar. Cuando se decía que alguien estaba en el casillero de Davy Jones, en inglés “Davy Jones locker”, significaba que se había ahogado. También los barcos hundidos o desaparecidos en el mar se decía que habían ido a parar al casillero de Davy Jones.
La primera vez que aparecer por escrito esta expresión en la literatura es en 1726, en una obra de Daniel Defoe, el autor de Robinson Crusoe. En la novela, titulada “El viaje de cuatro años del capitán George Roberts”, los miembros de la tripulación son amenazados con arrojarlos al casillero de Davy Jones, como sinónimo de tirarlos por la borda. Esto da a entender que en aquella época esta expresión ya era muy conocida y se utilizaba como dicho popular.
En 1751 el libro Las aventuras de Peregrine Prickle, del escocés Tobias Smollett, aparece la descripción más antigua de Davy Jones. Aquí se le identifica con el monstruo que gobierna a todos los espíritus malignos del mar, y que puede adoptar diversas formas. Una de estas formas es la de la criatura con tres filas de dientes, cuernos, cola y humo azul saliendo de sus fosas nasales.
Literalmente en esa novela aparece esta cita: “Este mismo Davy Jones, según la mitología de los marineros es el demonio que preside todos los espíritus malignos de las profundidades, y se le ve en diversas formas, encaramado entre las jarcias en vísperas de huracanes, naufragios y otros desastres a los que está expuesta la vida marinera, advirtiendo al devoto desdichado de la muerte y el infortunio.»
En el siglo XIX Davy Jones aparece mencionado en bastantes más libros, como La Aventura del Pescador Negro, de Washington Irving, publicada en 1824, y la novela de Edgar Allan Poe El rey peste, de 1835.
También se menciona a Davy Jones en clásicos como Moby-Dick de Herman Melville, publicada en 1851, y La Isla del Tesoro de Robert Louis Stevenson publicada en 1883.
Teorías sobre el origen de la leyenda
Existen muchas teorías sobre quién pudo ser el verdadero Davy Jones que inspiró esta expresión. Una de las más famosas cuenta que era un tabernero inglés que emborrachaba a sus clientes, los encerraba en su almacén de cerveza y luego los vendía como esclavos a los barcos que pasaban por el puerto. Se dice que este tal Davy Jones, tras arruinarse, tuvo que cerrar su taberna, robó un barco y se hizo pirata. Cruzó el Océano Atlántico atracando a otros barcos y capturando a sus tripulaciones para que trabajaran en su barco. Decapitó a gran parte de su tripulación y encerró a los que quedaron vivos en la bodega, que se hundieron con el barco cuando este naufragó.
Otras teorías también asocian a Davy Jones con el profeta Jonás, un personaje bíblico al que arrojaron por la borda de un barco como ofrenda en una tormenta. A Jonás se lo tragó una ballena y le vomitó tres días después en tierra firme. Según esta teoría, el nombre de Jones podría ser una deformación de Jonás, y la ballena podría simbolizar el casillero.
Las leyendas tradicionales no hacen referencia a que Davy Jones fuese el capitán del holandés errante. Este barco fantasma también tiene un origen bastante antiguo, pero su capitán era un holandés llamado Willem van der Decken. El escritor Frederick Marryat fue quien le dio ese nombre al capitán maldito en su novela El buque Fantasma. Además, algunos autores a quien apodan “el holandés errante” es al capitán, no al barco.
Por lo que parece, la conexión entre Davy Jones y el holandés errante tal y como la conocemos hoy en día se introdujo principalmente a través de las películas de Piratas del Caribe. Disney fundió diferentes elementos de la mitología clásica y las leyendas marinas para construir su propia ficción. En su narrativa, Davy Jones es el capitán del legendario holandés errante y controla al pulpo gigante llamado Kraken. El Kraken también es una criatura mítica, conocida sobre todo en las leyendas marinas del mar del norte y Escandinavia. Cuando el Kraken emerge de las profundidades marinas, genera enormes tempestades y olas gigantescas. Con sus enormes tentáculos es capaz de atrapar hundir barcos como si fuesen juguetes. Pero… en las leyendas tradicionales el Kraken y Davy Jones no se conocen de nada. Por su parte Calypso era una ninfa de la mitología griega, pero obviamente no tuvo ninguna historia de amor con Davy Jones, sino con Ulises.
La última duda que nos queda es que Si el capitán original del holandés errante era van der Decken, ¿qué pasó con él cuando Calypso le entregó el barco a Davy Jones? Eso de momento no se ha aclarado, pero teniendo en cuenta quién se apoderó del barco, habrá que asumir que van der Decken ha ido a parar al “casillero de Davy Jones”.
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